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A guide to fragrance notes: top, heart and base

A perfume unfolds on the skin in three acts. What top, heart and base notes are, and what to notice when reading a fragrance.

A guide to fragrance notes: top, heart and base

The scent you smell the moment you spray a perfume is not the one you smell an hour later. A perfume is made of layers that open on the skin over time. These layers are called top, heart and base notes; together they form the fragrance “pyramid”.

Top notes: the first impression

Top notes are the most volatile layer, the one you smell the moment you apply a perfume. They are usually prominent for the first 10 to 30 minutes. Citrus, light spices and fresh green notes are common here. Daylight’s lemon, Nagamani’s bergamot, lemon and orange blossom and Gece’s bergamot, eucalyptus and pepper are examples.

Heart notes: the core of the scent

As the top notes fade, the heart notes emerge. They carry the true character of the fragrance and last for a few hours. Flowers and soft spices usually live here. Fibonacci’s violet, jasmine and black orchid, Purgatory’s patchouli, orris root and rose and Sarcastic’s incense, tobacco and orris root are examples of this heart.

Base notes: the drydown

Base notes are the heaviest and longest-lasting layer, staying on the skin for hours, sometimes until the next day. Woods, resins, amber, musk and vanilla are its building blocks. Lal’s amber, vanilla, musk and sandalwood and Rayiha’s amber, musk and cedarwood show how a scent “settles”.

Reading a fragrance

  • Don’t rush. Don’t decide in the first ten minutes; wait for the heart and the drydown.
  • Try it on skin. Notes open with the warmth of the skin.
  • Follow the journey. A scent may be bright at first, floral later and warm at the end. That change is its story.

Notes and meaning at Puzzle

In Puzzle fragrances, the notes are chosen to tell the meaning the artist gave each scent. The path described for Gece is a good example: first a spicy spark, then a floral passage, finally a lasting trace of wisdom descending into the depths of the soul.

Try them with the Discovery Set · Read next: Eight fragrances, eight moods

Puzzle Parfum